Nitrogen in shoot litter,root litter and root exudates from nitrogen-fixingAlnus incana

Summary A pot experiment withAlnus incana (L.) Moench growing in sand was set up to compare the amounts of nitrogen released from plants shoot litter with that released below ground as root litter and/or root exudation. No nitrogen fixation by free-living microorganisms was found in the sand and the increased nitrogen content of the plant + soil system was therefore due to nitrogen fixation byFrankia in the alder root-nodules. Most of the nitrogen released from the plants was in the nitrogen-rich leaf and other shoot litter. Only small amounts of nitrogen were found in the drainage water from the pots and were recorded as increased nitrogen content of the sand.     

Ca~(++)促进大麦根K~+吸收的过程分析

吸收溶液中CaCl_2促进了大麦根K~+净吸收,Ca~(++)本身对H~+分泌无影响,Cl~-减少了H~+净分泌量。 含有~(86)Rb的大麦根在1m mol/L KCl溶液中发生~(86)Rb外流,在H_2O、1m mol/L NaCl或0.5 m mol/L CaCl_2中没有明显外流。VO_4~(3-)、NaN_3和4℃低温均可以减少根段在1m mol/L KCl溶液中的~(86)Rb外流量。Ca~(++)抑制K~+(~(86)Rb~+)的外流,EDTA加剧外流,Ca~(++)可以逆转EDTA的效应。 Ca~(++)抑制K~+(~(86)Rb)外流和促进K~+净吸收的趋势相吻合。K~+吸收的通量分析结果表明,Ca~(++)抑制K~+通过质膜的外流,促进K~+由细胞质向液泡中转运,而不影响K~+通过质膜的内流速率。     

Three further naphthoquinones produced by Fusarium solani

Three naphthoquinone pigments are described which were produced by Fusarium solani. They are 2,3-dihydro-5,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-2-hydroxymethyl-3-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4-naphthalenedione, 2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-8-methoxy-naphtho[1,2-b]furan-6,9-dione and 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-hydroxymethyl-7-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4-naphthalenedione. One of these pigments was shown to be the precursor of the other two.     

Larger adenylate energy charge and ATP/ADP ratios in aerenchymatous roots of Zea mays in anaerobic media as a consequence of improved internal oxygen transport

Internal transport of O₂ from the aerial tissues along the adventitious roots of intact maize plants was estimated by measuring the concentrations of adenine nucleotides in various zones along the root under an oxygen-free atmosphere. Young maize plants were grown in nutrient solution under conditions that either stimulated or prevented the formation of a lysigenous aerenchyma, and the roots (up to 210 mm long) were then exposed to an anaerobic (oxygen-free) nutrient solution. Aerenchymatous roots showed higher values than non-aerenchymatous ones for ATP content, adenylate energy charge and ATP/ADP ratios. We conclude that the lysigenous cortical gas spaces help maintain a high respiration rate in the tissues along the root, and in the apical zone, by improving internal transport of oxygen over distances of at least 210 mm. This contrasted sharply with the low energy status (poor O₂ transport) in non-aerenchymatous roots.Abbreviation AEC adenylate energy charge